Hybrid UPS

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  • Leverages existing UPS rectifier, inverter and charge controller
  • Daytime battery charging to peak power voltage (Vsmp) based on measured PV array's open circuit voltage (Vsoc) from the series-connected SPV/ rectified wind generator. For wind speed w < 3m/s, the hybrid and SPV-only systems behave identically
  • Nighttime wind-based load-support and battery charging (when wind speed exceeds 10m/s)
  • Changes to the UPS to interface PV array and Smart Relay are simple and fail-safe
  • Automatically switches in the appropriate power source (PV array/ Wind/ Utility)
  • Minimizes power outage probability
  • Maximizes expected solar and wind power utilization
  • Minimizes expected grid power utilization
  • Minimizes expected life cycle costs (including capital amortization, battery replacement and system maintenance)
  • Diagnostics:
    • Battery-operated hand-held PC may monitor PV/ Wind/ UPS performance (through isolated com-port)
    • Faults that distort the Voc vs Vmp relationship are identified by monitoring Voc and Vdc time series
    • Automatic over-voltage protection hardware (solid-state relay with manual reset).
    • For example, a loose connection from the PV array/ Wind to the UPS's DC bus may be identified
  • Smart relay may be upgraded for additional features (e.g., demand side management)